Harmonica Chowk
Saturday 14 April 2012
Why A Harmonica Player Needs To Maintain & Tune His Harmonica
Harmonica is not an inexpensive musical instrument; good
ones cost a lot. It does not make good sense to produce bad music out it after spending good amount
of money to own one, simply because it is not properly tuned or has become out
of tune with use. We do not buy harmonica every day, and certainly not in
dozens .A harmonica technician will charge a good amount for his services and
there are not many in our country or rather any that I know who carry out
reliable service. Sending the harmonica back to the manufacturer or to any of
the harmonica technicians abroad is a very expensive proposition. The to and
fro postage itself will turn out to be more than the service charges. An out of
the box perfectly tuned harmonica is at the best a dream. That is why fine
tuning of harmonica has become a cottage Industry of a sort, not in our country
though, but certainly in Europe, the USA and some other countries. Well, there
is more than one good reason for acquiring necessary knowledge and
craftsmanship to maintain and tune harmonica.
Harmonica is a free reed, fixed pitch musical
instrument. Though harmonica
manufacturing over the years has upgraded by highly sophisticated manufacturing
methods, the crucial operation of fixing reeds on to the reed plates and tuning
them is still done manually by highly skilled craftsmen. Especially those who tune the reeds are
considered to be performing the most crucial activity. They are considered to
be endowed by the Almighty with the merciful gift of very musical pair of ears
.This divine gift enables them to bring the pitch of the reed up or down to the
accurate pitch. All 64, 48, 20, 144
reeds, as may be the case depending on the model of the harmonica, are tuned
individually. How it is tuned follows
subsequently is this write up. Reeds
sound when air is passed over them whether in the blow mode or draw mode (We
all know that). But the harmonica
technician at the factory does not play the harmonica in the real sense while
tuning it. The air is passed at a
certain pressure in the reed chambers of the comb by bellows like contraption
which may not be the same air pressure every harmonica player under the sky
applies to play his harmonica. Most of
the harmonica players bend notes intently and involuntarily without knowing they
have done it. Bending a note is a play
of manipulating the air pressure that is passed in the reed chamber or sucked
out from it. Off course the embouchure,
cupping of hands, angle of harmonica relative to the mouth cavity etc do also
contribute significantly to the end effect of a bended note. It is not that the craftsmen who are
exceptionally skilled have do an imperfect job.
The point I am trying to make is that the master craftsman who has tuned
the reeds has done so under controlled conditions which may be different in the
real world. Every harmonica player has a
personalized style of playing. The style
amongst other things includes the pressure of air blown in the reed chambers or
drawn out of them. This air pressure can
at the best be classified as low, medium or high. But what is low, what is medium and what is
high is not quantifiable. At the best or
at its worst, it is a subjective classification. What is low for someone could be medium for
some body else and what is medium for somebody could be high for some one
else. And, some ones medium could be low
for every body else and so on so forth.
So an out of the box harmonica may not sound perfectly in
tune to every body. If it is a
coincidence that the air pressure you make use of to play the harmonica is the
same air pressure at which its reeds were tuned, just thank the Almighty for
being kind to you. Otherwise curse the
harmonica manufacturer or blame your ill luck depending on which option you
like more. However, quite often, even
otherwise there are tuning flaws in an ‘Out of the Box Harmonica’. You either live with the imperfections or
learn to live without them. The second
option will require knowledge and skill to tune the harmonica. These are acquired with the aid of knowledge
of the dynamics of reeds i.e. how the reeds behave and what affects their
behavior. Not every thing about reed
dynamics is required to be known to be able to tune them. Some of it will do.
Reed vibrates while producing sound. It produces a fixed or
predetermined pitch. At least, it is
intended to produce a fixed pitch.
Bending off course alters the pitch. But this is due to variety of
factors, the important one being the contribution of the other reed in the same
reed chamber of an unvalued harmonica.
Vibrations over a period of time cause metal fatigue and
result in build up of microscopic cracks in the reeds which go on increasing
and multiplying with the use of harmonica. Ultimately the reed completely
breaks down or goes flat. At his stage
of its life cycle, the reed is as good as dead. It is beyond repair and has to
be replaced. But in between the
“Janm & Ram Nam Satya Hai”, the
metal fatigue which has caused microscopic cracks also results in alternation
of tuning in varying extent. More than
often, the pitch will go flat or come down rather than becoming sharp or going
up. The other factor which has effect on
vibration of reeds is the reed gap, i.e. the gap between the free end of the
reed and the reed plate. Too much or too
less a gap will affect the flow of air passing through the reed slot and hence
the degree of vibration. More
importantly it will retard the response time of the reed. The reed should respond instantaneously and
true to its intended pitch. Ideally, the gap between the reed and the reed
plate should be approximately equal to the thickness of the free end of the
reed. In case of a four octave chromatic harmonica gap could be same for the
reeds of octave 2 to 04 and for the octave 1, it could be slightly more. Much depends on your playing style i.e.
whether you use low pressure, medium pressure or high pressure or ‘Tornado
Pressure’. You have to try and find out
how much gap suits your playing style.
It is very elementary.
But doing it perfectly requires more than elementary effort and
skill. The very elementary part is
that,if the pitch is high, you remove reed metal from the riveted end of the
reed and if the pitch is low you remove it from the free end. The not so elementary part is how much metal
should be removed and how. The more
metal you remove, more will the pitch alter and vice-versa. More than often a minor scratch does the job. Too much may even change the basic character
of the reed i.e. a C note may be come D or F or C#. Therefore, the scratch has to be a controlled
one. And for this, you need gadgets and tools.
It is advisable for a serious harmonica player to have a
harmonica maintenance kit. There are
plenty available in market made by Hohner,
LeeOscar, Hering & Syedel. The
Seydet tool set is far the most djjjjdjjdHohner, Hering &
Seydel. The Seydel tool set is by far
the most comprehensive and possibly the best.
It has every tool one needs, for not only tuning, but replacing reeds as
well. Besides other tools, it has a electrically operated (9 volts) rotary
grinder for removing metal off the reed. I personally prefer the battery
operated rotary grinder which I also have.
This one sells under the brand name of Micro Mark - Item No. 84446
Rotary Engraver (Visit the site www.micromark.com). The tuner in the Seydel kit is not very
efficient. In the alternative you can go
for any of the models made by Korg, Seiko or Boss. Korg CA-30 is inexpensive
and good. It should be available in most
of the good music shops. The Seydel tool
set can be bought excluding the rotary grinder and the tuner.
It is not that you essentially need to have a tool set for
tuning the reeds. But, owning one really
helps by making the job smooth and uncomplicated.
Some More Basics
1.
If you are resident of climatically cold place, warm
up the harmonica before measuring the pitch on the tuner. Even when not using a tuner, warm up the
harmonica. When you breathe in to a cold harmonica, your warm breath will cause
condensation and moisture will deposit on the reeds. This will affect its vibration and pitch.
2.
Always support the free end of the reed before
removing metal from it. All tool kits
have a special tool for this. But you
can use a piece of paper preferably photocopy paper or any thing of plastic or
metal of more or less same thickness.
3. Remove
metal from the extreme ends of the reed by mild scratch using the edge of a
shaving blade in the absence of a better alternative .Use only half of the
blade; it is easier to handle. The
scratch should be at an angle and not straight in the line of the reed .Then
test the pitch. Some time, only thin
scratch will do. If it does not, remove
more metal by another scratch and test the pitch and so on so forth till the
correct pitch is achieved. The final pitch should be tested with the harmonica
covers in place, as the pitch tends to lower when the covers are placed on the
comb.
4.
Do not attempt
to achieve the correct pitch in one stroke.
It does not help. You may over do
it and will have to reverse the effect by removing metal from the other end.
.All this will shorten the life of an already sick reed.
5.
When
tuning the harmonica, choose a quite place. External noise will not give
correct reading on the Tuner. This does not imply your going to a recording
studio. There should not be loud sound from another source such as music
system, musical instrument etc.
6.
Before
attempting to tune a reed by removing metal from it, adjust the reed gap. Many
a times the gap affects tuning. It is likely that proper gapping may solve the
problem. In any case gapping should always be done before tuning the reeds.
7.
When
using a tuner, start by ascertaining the frequency at which the harmonica is
tuned. Generally, the frequency of the ‘key note’ is the frequency at which all
the reeds are tuned or rather should be tuned by the manufacturer. Check the
frequency of all key notes of all octaves. The frequency will be found to be in the range of 441 to
445 Hz. The erring reed will be found deviating from the frequency of the key note. It will either be + or --.
End Note: Harmonica is a
delicate instrument. It deserves delicate handling and care as any other
delicate thing. There is nothing on earth like an indestructible reed. Reeds
will get de tuned with use. There is nothing to be disheartened about it. Tune
it back. Only a properly tuned harmonica will produce good sound and good
music.
Acknowledgements: There is nothing in
this write up which is original. Inputs have been drawn from material available
on internet and my own experience of playing and tuning harmonica. There is an
excellent article on the subject by Pat Missin on his site: patmissin.com.
Thursday 15 March 2012
That's Me
I am Rajeev Ranjan Baisantry. I am on the right side of sixty years. I will be sixty two this July.Left side of sixty or the wrong side of sixty according to me is seventy five +.I superannuated as the H R Head of a leading public sector organisation in construction contracting. I am a freelance H R Consultant now. I am a keen harmonica player, and this is primarily the reason for starting this blog. There are more than a couple of harmonica blogs in India. But I find that focus of all these bogs is uploading of song played by the members.There is not much of exchange of playing tips and harmonica related matters.Such inputs on the blogs are very seldom. . I do not make high claim to fill that vacuum in totality. How ever it will be my sincere endeavour to share whatever I have in me of this marvelous musical instrument. I also request the other harmonica players to contribute to this blog.and make it a source of learning better harmonica playing.There are excellent harmonica players in our country.They should share their knowledge and expertise with the other fellow harmonica players, especially the younger 20th Century Foxes
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